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I’m often asked about the differences between fish oil and cod liver oil. Which is best? Both have anti-inflammatory EPA-DHA, but there’s more to know before buying.Eating oily fish such as wild salmon and sardines twice a week is important but it makes sense to supplement a small amount of Omega 3’s as well.
So, Fish Oil or Cod Liver Oil? One thing is true for both. Quality counts! The brand, the processing method and the type of fish all matter.
If you want a shortcut to my recommendations, here they are:
Bottom line: Rosita Cod Liver Oil is my only pick for real, unprocessed Cod Liver Oil. If you buy “fish oil” buy one with high DHA and low EPA such as this one. Cod Liver Oil is higher in DHA and, if it is Rosita, has naturally occurring Vitamins A and D already in it.
What are EPA and DHA?
EPA and DHA are Omega 3 fats essential for the brain, cardiovascular system, eyes, nervous system, thinning the blood, and as anti-inflammatories for pain and inflammation anywhere in the body. They are primarily found in seafood, coming from the algae and crustaceans that fish eat. A few fresh water fish also eat algae and contain some EPA and DHA.
EPA is a required, “essential”, fatty acid. We must get EPA from food as we cannot make it ourselves and we require it for health.
DHA is better than EPA
We can make DHA out of EPA. DHA is more important than EPA and our ability to convert EPA to DHA (but not the other way around) confirms the preference. I prefer products with higher DHA than EPA – Rosita Cod Liver Oil liquid or gelcaps, or this unusual and proprietary Omega 3 DHA from OrthoMolecular. Read more about how this product is made and you’ll never buy random fish oil from the store.
The fish oil market is full of misleading advertising and labeling.
Flax and a few other seeds indirectly provide some Omega 3’s, but not as EPA or DHA which only come from seafood and algae.
5 Differences Between Fish Oil and Cod Liver Oil
1). Raw Cod Liver Oil contains Vitamins A, D and F (a full spectrum of fatty acids including EPA-DHA) from the livers of cod fish. Rosita brand of Cod Liver Oil contains the natural form of A and D along with the Omega 3’s. Other brands such as Green Pasture add synthetic A and D after processing has stripped out the real stuff.
2). Fish Oil comes from the bodies of oily fish such as mackerel, sardines, herring and anchovy. Fish don’t make Omega 3 oils – they consume them in plankton and microalgae in their diet. Fish Oil contains only EPA and DHA with no vitamins.
Shark, tuna and swordfish contain EPA and DHA but are too ecologically sensitive to harvest for oil. Salmon oil is usually made from farmed salmon and thus contains little EPA or DHA. Stick with my Ortho Molecular DHA Select.
How is Cod Liver Oil Made?
3). How is Cod Liver Oil processed? There are three ways to process cod liver oil, and more than one kind of cod fish. Getting quality cod liver oil with its natural A and D is really rare. That’s why I only recommend Rosita Extra Virgin Cod Oil. Read my article and podcast notes on Rosita here.
National brands such as Carlson’s and Nordic cod oil are highly processed with heat, chemicals, microfiltration, vacuum pressure, deodorizing, bleaching, flavoring, degumming and alkali neutralization. They are the equivalent of “no-no” factory processed vegetable oils such as canola and corn oil.
Microfiltration removes all but a fraction of the vitamins, so synthetic vitamins A and D may (or may not) be added back. This explains why Nordic Natural’s “Arctic” Cod contains almost no D or A. It’s filtered out and none are added back. This is false and deceptive!
The Nordic and other Carlson’s labels lists A and D content much lower than Rosita (here in my online store , also available in gel caps here) which preserves all the vitamins in their natural state and amounts. Carlson’s boldly lists the A and D as “from cod liver oil” but they actually come from lanolin, not fish. More deception…
Green Pastures brand of “fermented” CLO has a different approach which I cannot endorse. The livers of pacific Pollack (not Atlantic Cod) are extracted from the fish and sent to Nebraska to be aged in enormous vats. The oil is collected over time as the meat breaks down and the oil rises to the top. It is brown with a distinctive harsh taste and smell. This is similar to the method historic Norwegians used for their lowest grade of oil.
“Off-peak (non-winter) livers could be kept in brine barrels to slowly deteriorate, allowing the oxidized oil to separate from the meat and fluids. This oil could be used for lamp fuel, coating boats and tools, and for general lubrication. It could also be consumed if supplies of “the good stuff” ran out”. (Quote from Rosita research archives).
Green Pasture also has really low levels of Vitamin D – only 59 IU per tsp! It is essential to take supplemental D (with K2) if you take Green Pasture…
If you want unfiltered, raw, non-oxidized Cod Liver Oil with intact Omega 3’s and Vitamins D and A, Rosita is the only choice in my opinion. Rosita is light gold in color (unlike the dark brown Green Pasture brand) and has a mild, only slightly fishy taste that I don’t burp. I take a teaspoon daily and chase it with a bite of food.
How is Fish Oil Made?
4). How is Fish Oil processed? Most Fish Oil is processed from whole fish or scraps after canning. The fish meal is highly heated and “purified” to remove heavy metals and other contaminants absorbed from ocean waters. Most fish oil smells bad if you open the capsule, or makes you burp. Both are signs of poor product.
(Our Ortho Select DHA can be chewed in the capsule. The difference in taste and rancidity is obvious).
The vitamins are stripped out of national brands of oil by the molecular distillation process, leaving only the EPA and DHA. Fish Oil has no vitamins – that’s one of the main differences between fish oil and cod liver oil.
5). What about Krill Oil, Algal Oil and Salmon Oil?
Krill is a crustacean that eats phytoplankton. It’s oil is rich in EPA and DHA. In general, Krill oil is not recommended by me although it is by other websites. Harvesting these tiny crustaceans is difficult, and processing their oil may ruin the oil.
Algal Oil is high in DHA – that’s a good thing – but it is genetically engineered. It’s a coming thing for cooking oil, biofuel and more. Despite this, it may be less damaged by heat and processing than other “fish oil”.
Salmon Oil quality depends on the salmon being wild, not farmed, and on companies honestly labeling the manufacturing process. I trust Vital Choice Salmon Oil more than other brands. I believe it is less damaged than brands like Nordic, Carlson’s or Costco.
IMPORTANT: ALWAYS TAKE VITAMIN K2 WHEN YOU TAKE VITAMIN D
Never take D without K2. I have many articles and podcasts on K2 and sell several brands online. If you take Vitamin D in cod liver oil or in supplements, always take K2 as well. This protects you from depositing calcium where you do NOT want it in your body – the arteries, gall bladder, joints and kidney stones for example.
